文献翻译-起重机概述.docVIP

The history of crane A significant word for the decade as far as the crane industry was concerned, was railways, as cranes for this industry were still very important. On 7 September 1949, for example, the Deutsche Bundesbahn (Federal German Railway) was founded. It needed high-capacity lifting devices that could be taken to the job site as part of a train. Four steam-driven cranes, each of which could lift 57 tonnes, were ordered from Ardelt. In 1950 followed a special type of crane with a boom designed for working below overhead wires. The cranes featured a counterweight attachment system which was connected to the lifting gean This innovative design did not prove successful, but was replaced in 1955/56 by a similar hydraulic mechanism. Also in Germany, MAN had been actively building not just harbour, dockyard and travelling cranes, but also diesel-powered slewing cranes with pneumatic steering. These had been built since 1946 (picture 204), were driven by a 70 kilowatt six cylinder truck engine and could lift 6 tonnes at 7 metres radius and weighed 48 tonnes. A small concession to safety was also introduced as the company brochure tells us: A load moment safety device, built in to the boom mechanism and thus linked to the lifting mechanism, cuts in if the permitted load moment is exceeded. The brochure writer realised the significance of the fact that the device acted when the load was exceeded and not ... as was the case ten years ago, at the point when the superstructure has already tipped over!”These load moment safety devices,although a small part of the overall crane,were very important in the development ot the cranes. Bridge crane Bridge crane is horizontal plane in workshop, warehouse and yard over rigger materials of lifting equipment. Because of its ends located in tall cement posts or metal stents, shape like bridge. Bridge crane along the bridge on both sides laying in elevated the orbit of longitudinal operation, can make full use of the spa