专家知识特征及其对中学数学解题教学的启示毕业论文.docVIP

专家知识特征及其对中学数学解题教学的启示 摘要 通过对认知科学关于专家知识特征研究结果的分析，我们可以获得一些对数学解题教学有意义的启示。专家具有很强的信息识别能力，对于同样的问题情境，专家能很快的与自己的知识模块建立联系并产生策略；专家能以“核心概念”和“大观点”来组织自己的知识，因此，专家的知识结构更适合与问题情境相匹配,可以说专家对于问题情境是从本质上加以理解的；其知识的情境性特征是使其有很强模式识别能力的重要原因；专家善于对自己的解决问题的思维过程进行自我监控，这一特点使专家的解题过程更具有创造性。数学的解题教学不是要求每一个学生的认知结构都能达到专家的知识特征水平，而是通过对专家知识特征的认识和对其形成过程的探究，以获得对中学数学解题教学有意义的启示，从而改善我们的教学方法，提高学生解决数学问题的能力。 关键词：专家知识特征；解题教学；启示 CHARACTERISTICS OF EXPERT KNOWLEDGE AND TIS ENLIGHTENMENT IN MATHEMATICS PROBLEM SOLVING TEACHING ABSTRACT From analysis of characteristics of expert knowledge, we can abtain a lot of beneficial enlightenments in mathematics problem solving teaching. Experts have a strong ability in discerning the informational characters; Experts made up their own knowledge according to the core concepts and big ideas. For the same problem situation, experts would find linkages and strategy with their knowledge; Experts have ability of self-control in mathematics problem solving; This feature makes the process of problem solving more creative to experts. According to some enlightenment of characteristics of expert knowledge, we can find good methods to improve students’ thinking level in mathematics problem solving . Key words: characteristics expert knowledge; problem solving teaching; enlightenment  目 录 1 引言-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2 对专家知识特征的理解-------------------------------------------------------------------2 2.1专家知识的模式特征---------------------------------------------------------------2 2.2专家知识的组织特征---------------------------------------------------------------2 2.3专家知识的情境性特征------------------------------------------------------------3 2.4专家知识的自我监控特征--------------------------------------------------------3 3专家知识的特征对中学数学解题教学的启示-----------------------------------------4 3.1专家知识的模式识别特征对中学数学解题教学的启示---------------------4 3.2专家知识的组织特征对中学数学解题教学的启示---------------------------8 3.3专家知识的情境