2014焊接专业英语翻译.docVIP

1.Pattern Material Wood is the most common material for patterns. It is easy to work and readily available. Properly selected and kiln-dried mahogany, walnut, white pine, and sugar pine are often used. Sugar pine is most often used because it is easily worked and is generally free from warping and cracking. Moisture in the wood should be about 5 to 6% to avoid warping, shrinking, or expanding of the finished pattern. Metal patterns may be loose or mounted. If usage warrants a metal pattern, then the pattern probably should be mounted on a plate and include the gating system. Metal is used when a large number of castings are desired from a pattern or when conditions are too severe for wooden patterns. Metal patterns wear well. Another advantage of a metal pattern is freedom from warping in storage. Commonly a metal pattern is itself cast from a master pattern and can be replaced readily if damaged or worn. Patterns are made of plaster and plastics. Plaster patterns are easy to make; they can be cast where original molds are available. However, plaster is brittle and not suitable for molding large numbers of sand castings. Plastics serve in several ways for pattern making. Some conventional patterns are made of abrasion-resistant plastics with cost and durability between wood and metal. Another use of certain plastics is to make emergency patterns quickly or to salvage worn or broken patterns. 1.模型材料 木板是常用的材料，很容易去做并且很通用，普通的选择是桃花芯木，胡桃木，白松和糖松。糖松是最常用的，很容易去制作而且很容易收缩和开裂很自如。在完成的模型中水分应控制在5%-6%之间为防止变形、收缩、膨胀。 金属模型可能是实体的或模板的，模型可能被铸造在一个金属板上，包括浇注系统。当大量的铸件都特别需要一个模型，或者条件非常严格时，就要用金属，金属模板的耐磨性很好。另一个优点是它不受储藏变形的限制。一般来说，金属模板由一个主要模板铸造而成，如果它被损坏或磨损了也很容易被替代。 模板由石膏和塑料制成。石膏模板很容易制作，它们可以被制作当原始铸型，然而，石膏是容易损坏的，并且不适合于数量多的砂型铸造，塑料在模板制作中可以有很多方式，一般现用的模板都由持久磨损的塑料和介于木头和金属之间的耐磨材料制成。塑料的另一种用途是能快速做成应急模板或者用旧的或者破损的模板。 2.Cleaning , Finishing Castings After solidification and removal from the molds, most castings require some cleaning and finishing. These may involve all or several of the following steps: 1. R