家庭背景對教育的影响.docVIP

家庭背景对教育的影响 摘 要 在中国高等教育逐渐进入大众化阶段的背景下,考察父母亲的教育背景对子女在高等教育阶段教育数量和质量获得方面的影响。实证结果发现,整体而言,父母亲的教育背景对于子女接受高等教育的层次与质量仍然有显著的促进作用,社会分层导致的教育差异依然存在于实施严格选拔的高等教育系统中。在美国高等教育大众化过程中, 不同家庭背景子女上大学的机会差异总体上呈现缩小的趋势。 然而, 大家在上什么样的大学 方面的机会差异不但没有缩小反而进一步扩大, 即高收入家庭子女更多地就读于层次较高的四年制大学(最终可获得学士学位), 而低收入家庭子女大多就读于两年制学院( 最终只能拿到一个副学位或一个证书)。导致不同家庭背景子女受高等教育机会差异的原因极其复杂, 应通过各种制度性倾斜政策, 尽量为不同家庭背景子女提供大体相同的教育资源, 以缩小他们在基础教育阶段和家庭收入之间的差距, 使不同家庭背景子女间的高等教育机会差异处于社会可以接受的范围之内, 以实现公众认可的教育机会平等。 [关键词] 家庭背景 教育 影响 Abstract : This paper investigates t he relationship between family background and higher education quantity and quality under the background of massification of Chinese higher education, using data sources f rom a nation wide university graduates survey in 2002 by Beijing Normal University. The empirical result s show t hat the parent s’education has a significant and positive impact on t heir children’s higher education quantity (level) and quality. It indicates t hat social st ratification still exist s in t he higher education system which has a strict screening entrance. However, the gap in the enrollment o f different HE colleges or universities of youth is widened rather than narrow ed, that is, youth from higher income families mostly enter four year universities (they may obtain a bachelor deg ree at last) while those from lower income families mostly go to two year colleges (they may obtain an associate degree or a certificate). The reasons that cause the disparity are complex. Various prefer entia l regulations should be given to narrow the gap between different back ground families children basic education and family incomes, ensuring that the degree o f the disparity is within social acceptance, to realize the publicly recognized equality of education opportunity. Key words: family background education influence 目 录 导言：…………………………………………………………1 （一）选题背景和意义………………………………………1 （二）现有文献综述……………………………………………2 （三）研究方法和数据描述……………………………………3 一、家庭背景相关概念概述……………………………………3 二、家庭背景对教育获得的影响分析…………………………4 家庭所在地的影