database_04.pptVIP

Copyright 2005 Radian Publishing Co. Chapter 4 Relational Database Part A. Introduction to Database Contents Chapter 4 Relational Database 4.1 Traditional File-Processing System 4.1 A. File-Processing in a School 4.1 B. Disadvantages of File-Processing System 4.2 The Database Approach 4.2 A. Data Model 4.2 B. Relational Database 4.2 C. Integrity Constraints 4.2 D. Advantages of Database Approach Chapter 4 Relational Database 1. Early data processing system used magnetic tape called file processing system Access mode Sequential access data access requires starting from the beginning until the record is located Mode of operation Batch processing data to be changed were accumulated and then processed as a batch (group) 2. Next data processing system used magnetic disk Access mode Direct access based on physical address Mode of operation Real-time processing data were processed as soon as they were collected 4.1 Traditional File-Processing System File-processing systems Inadequate, why? The solution Database technology 4.1 A. File-Processing in School File-processing approach focuses on the data processing needs of individual departments instead of evaluating the overall needs 4.1 B. **Disadvantages of File-Processing System 1. Program-data Dependency Application programs are dependent on file formats since the metadata are stored inside it. 2. Data Redundancy Same piece of information appears in more than one location Data are often duplicated, loss data integrity **Data integrity data are logically consistent (in the same pattern) **Data inconsistency It will occur when the process of updating data is not complete Disadvantages of File-Processing System 3. Limited Data Sharing Each system has its own private files, seldom to share files Lot of efforts is required to combine data from several files in separated systems 4. Files are often incompatible with one another The format of data files depends on the programming languages used 5. Excessi