2015湖南事单位医学知识-糖尿病考点汇总.docxVIP

2015湖南事业单位医学基础知识复习资料-糖尿病考点汇总　中公卫生人才网医疗考试研究院总结出医学基础知识复习资料中关于糖尿病的考点汇总，以便帮助大家梳理考试相关内容，从而达到更好的复习效果。　一、概述　糖尿病是具有多病因及多种表现的代谢紊乱性疾病，以胰岛素分泌缺陷和(或)胰岛素活性障碍或者二者兼而有之导致的碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质的代谢失衡和慢性高血糖为特征。糖尿病的类型可以分为2种。1型糖尿病(胰岛素依赖型)2型糖尿病(非胰岛素依赖型)　二、临床表现　(1)许多糖尿病患者并无明显症状，部分可有多饮、多尿、多食、消瘦和体重减轻、疲乏无力等。　三、糖尿病并发症　四、诊断依据　(1)有典型糖尿病症状(多饮、多尿和不明原因体重下降等)、任意时间血糖≥11.1mmol/L(200mg/dl);　(2)空腹(禁食时间大于8h)血糖≥7.0mmol/L(126mg/dl);或　(3)75g葡萄糖负荷后2h血糖≥11.1mmol/L(200mg/dl)。　五、治疗　II型糖尿病的药物治疗　(1)单纯餐后血糖高，而空腹和餐前血糖不高，首选α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂。　(2)餐后血糖升高为主，伴餐前血糖轻度升高，首选胰岛素增敏剂噻唑烷二酮类。　【中公速记】(单纯餐后α，餐后为主来增敏)　(3)糖尿病合并肾病者可首选格列喹酮。　(4)儿童1型糖尿病用胰岛素治疗;2型糖尿病目前仅有二甲双胍被批准用于儿童;　(5)经常出差，进餐不规律的患者，选择每日1次用药(如格列美脲)更为方便，依从性好。　六、胰岛素用药注意事项　①注射时宜变换注射部位，两次注射点要间隔2cm，以确保胰岛素稳定吸收，同时防止发生皮下脂肪营养不良。　②未开启的胰岛素应冷藏保存，冷冻后的胰岛素不可再应用。　③使用中的胰岛素笔芯不宜冷藏，可与胰岛素笔一起使用或随身携带，但在室温下最长可保存4周。　【经典例题】　(A型题)1.对II型糖尿病表现为单纯餐后血糖高，空腹和餐前血糖水平不高者可首选的药品是( )。　A.二甲双胍　B.阿卡波糖　C.罗格列酮　D.尼莫地平　E.碘塞罗宁　【答案】B。解析：II型糖尿病的药物治疗①单纯餐后血糖高，而空腹和餐前血糖不高，首选α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂;②餐后血糖升高为主，伴餐前血糖轻度升高，首选胰岛素增敏剂噻唑烷二酮类。③糖尿病合并肾病者可首选格列喹酮。中公教育 中公教育p the right to recovery of principal and interest and costs; Waiver of recourse against the party of individual credit rights; Behavior of other claims against the Bank. The Agency shall, in accordance with the Banks records management systems requirements, regulate the collection, safekeeping of personal credit file, pay attention to the following risks: customers based on incomplete information; Review and approvalp the right to recovery of principal and interest and costs; Waiver of recourse against the party of individual credit rights; Behavior of other claims against the Bank. The Agency shall, in accordance with the Banks records management systems requirements, regulate the collection, safekeeping of personal credit file, pay attention to the following risks: customers based on incomplete information; Review and approvalp the right to recovery of principal and interest and costs; Waiver of recourse against the party of individual credit rights; Behavior of other claims against the Bank. The A