气脉冲除灰器工作机理究.docVIP

气脉冲除灰器工作机理研究 樊未军1，? 孙文超2， （1.北京航空航天大学动力系，北京 100083; 2.中国科学院，北京 100080） ??? 摘? 要：中国电站锅炉燃用大量的未经洗选的劣质煤，导致严重的锅炉积灰问题，尤其是200~300 MW 的大型锅炉的回转式空气预热器堵灰更加严重。积灰不仅使锅炉热效率下降，而且堵塞烟气流道，影响了锅炉的正常运行。已有的蒸汽吹灰、声波除灰都有较大的局限性。根据我国国情开发出了燃烧气脉冲除灰技术，并在大型电站锅炉应用取得了很好的效果。为了理解气脉冲除灰的工作过程，掌握运行规律，解释应用中出现的问题，以提高技术水平和开发新产品，尚需对气脉冲除灰的燃烧和除灰过程做更深入的研究。该文主要研究了燃料种类，燃料空气比和湍流产生装置对火焰传播速度和压力脉冲峰值的影响，分析了这些参数对除灰能力的影响。这些实验分析结果对实际应用有指导作用。??? 关键词：除灰器；燃烧；火焰传播速度 1?? INTRODUCTION ??? The ash deposits cause lowering of heat transfer capacity and rise in flow resistance of the flue gas passage so that the boiler output and efficiency are adversely affected. How to remove the ash deposits is an important problem for economical operation. Engineers have developed different methods to deal with it. The first is the steam blower. It has simple construction and low operating expenses. But its ability to clean the ash deposit is poor. Sometimes the steam can condense into water. The ash combined with the condensed water is changed into a hard deposit which is too difficult for the steam jet blower to clean. The second is the sound wave cleaner. It has high price and complicated construction. But it is more effective than the steam jet blower. It can’t be used to clean the oil-burning furnace. The third is the gas-explosion soot remover. Premixed gas such as LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) and air is fed into the combustion tube in which the gas is ignited by an electric spark and burned out in several milliseconds, causing a pressure rise in the tube and a strong pulses of gas jets at the exit holes. The ash can be cleaned by the action of the jets. If the flame front is quicker, the pressure peak is higher, the ability to clean the ash is stronger. The Institute of Mechanics, Chinese academy of sciences have developed this equipment and put it into use in some power plants such as the Shidongkou Power Plant and Zhabei Power Plant in Shanghai. The application of the gas-explosion soot remover to the rotary air-preheater of a 300 MW