词义猜测题解题精编.doc

高考阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。一、题型特点与命题方式此类题型有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。因为猜测词组、句义题涉及题材背景、句子结够、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测力度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。【命题趋势】1、要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。2、要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。3、代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用“逻辑关系梳理法”、“递向寻踪法”理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。【设问形式】The underlined word “…” in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______.By saying “…” in the first(second…) paragraph, the author means that ______.In paragraph …, “…” can be replaced by “______”.The meaning of “…” in paragraph… is related to ______.Which of the following has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)?The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probably means that _____.二、解题思路与应试技巧 做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。下面结合近几年高考试题，对猜词悟义的技巧加以解读。1、根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如：Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即“退火”。It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily.从后面that is(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了herdsman的词义为“牧羊人”。【考例】（2014福建卷，E篇）73. The underlined words “tipping points” most probably refer to “_______”.A. freezing points????? B. burning points??? C. melting points?? D. boiling points【解析】C。请看原文：In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting（融化）of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica. 根据后一句的such as the melting（融化）of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica.可知tipping points的意思是“融点”。（2013山东卷，C篇）65.The underlined word “d