ch4 SQL.ppt

Chapter 4: SQL 基本结构Basic Structure 集合操作Set Operations 聚集函数Aggregate Functions 空值Null Values 嵌套子查询Nested Subqueries 派生关系Derived Relations 视图Views 数据库更新Modification of the Database 连接关系Joined Relations 数据定义语言Data Definition Language 嵌入式SQL，ODBC和JDBC。Embedded SQL, ODBC and JDBC Schema Used in Examples示例用的模式 Basic Structure基本结构 典型的SQL形式如下：A typical SQL query has the form: select A1, A2, ..., An from r1, r2, ..., rm where P Ai represent attributes ri represent relations P is a predicate. This query is equivalent to the relational algebra expression:该查询等价于如下的关系代数表达式： ?A1, A2, ..., An(?P