兽医临床病理(英).ppt

Veterinary Clinical Pathology 兽医临床病理学 Preface Veterinary Clinical Pathology: Veterinary Laboratory Medicine Include: 1 Clinical Hematology 2 Clinical biochemistry 3 Clinical cytology 4 Clinical microbiology 5 Clinical parasitology 6 Clinical toxicology Preface General Laboratory concepts Veterinarians have many choices regarding laboratory testing. Important factors include: --Need and usefulness --Practicality --Cost-effectiveness --Accuracy --Turnaround time Complete Blood Count and Bone Marrow Examination:general comments and selected techniques Complete blood count Quantitation techniques Blood smear analysis Other determinations Bone marrow examination Bone marrow biopsy and aspirate Complete blood count (CBC) CBC is a profile of tests used to describe the quantity and quality of the cellular elements in blood and a few substances in plasma. CBC is a cost-effective screen the detects many abnormalities and disease conditions. Bone marrow examination is used in selected instances to answer questions the more readily available CBC cannot. Quantitation Techniques Sample submission Microhemotcrit Hemoglobin concentration Cell counts Absolute nucleated RBC count Automated hematology cell counters Blood Smear Analysis Making the smear Stains Evaluating blood smears --platelet morphology --leukocyte morphology --leukocyte estimation --leukocyte differential count --erythrocyte morphology Bone Marrow Examination Bone marrow is usually examined to answer certain question that arose from evaluating the CBC. Indications for bone marrow examination include: --nonregenerative anemia --Persistent neutropenia --Persistent thrombocytopenia --Unexplained polycythemia or thrombocytosis --Atypical cells in blood Erythrocytes Basic concepts of erythrocyte function,metabolism, production and breakdown Heme synthesis Globin synthesis Iron metabolism Erythrocyte metabolism Embden-meyerhof pathway --Glycolysis generates ATP and NADH Pentos