茶果的綜合利用.docVIP

茶果资源的利用及研究进展 摘要：茶籽,即茶树的果实,为茶叶生产的副产物。《本草纲目》记载:“茶有种生、野生。种者用籽,其籽大如顶指,面圆色黑。其仁人口初甘后苦,最戟人喉,而闽人以榨油食用。”以往人们对于茶树的种植、茶叶加工及产品的开发等关注较多,但对于茶籽的开发利用则不太重视。因此,成熟的茶籽除繁殖茶树外,其余大部分自然脱落,在地里腐烂,造成了资源的浪费。现研究发现茶籽除经浸出或压榨可得到茶油外,茶籽壳可用来开发糠醛、木糖醇、活性炭等有用的物质；提油后的茶籽粕中还含有可利用的茶皂素、茶多糖等物质。如今茶籽的综合开发及其应用已引起国内茶业企业和有关专业人士的高度重视。 关键词：茶果资源,利用,研究进展 Fruit tea resource utilization and research progress 08 tea Deng Chengyong Abstract: tea seed, namely the fruits of the tea plant, tea production of by-products. Compendium of Materia Medica records: tea has a raw, wild. A person with seed, the seed is as large as a top point, face round black. The Hui population initial Gan after suffering, the halberd, laryngeal, and Fujian person to oil consumption. People in the past for tea cultivation, tea processing and products development of more concern, but for the development and utilization of tea seeds are not paid much attention. Therefore, tea seed breeding of tea plant in addition to mature, most of the remaining natural teeth, in decay, resulting in a waste of resources. The study found that tea seed except by leaching or press can get tea oil, tea seed shell can be used for the development of furfural, xylitol, activated carbon and other useful substances; after oil extraction of tea seed meal also contains the tea saponin, tea polysaccharide substance. Now the tea seed development and application has caused the domestic tea industry enterprises and the relevant professional attention. Key words: tea fruit resources, utilization, research progress 茶果是我国重要的茶资源,年产量在12—15万t,过去主要用作种子,目前已被淘汰而被无性种苗取代,茶果资源大多被丢弃,造成资源浪费。茶果壳、茶子等内含物质丰富,开发利用大有可为。 1茶籽的利用 茶果由23%一27%的果壳、23%一27%的种壳和43%一47%的种仁组成,其中种仁含有20%一35%的脂肪、20%的淀粉、12%的皂素、11%的蛋白质、11%的木质素和2%的灰分。 1.1提取茶籽油 提取茶籽油可用热压榨法和溶剂浸提法提取,出油率可达60%一75%。工业用油可广泛地用于轻工、化工、纺织工业,作为生产油剂和表面活性剂原料,经皂化后可用于印染工业和制皂工业,经磺化后的磺化油可用于丝绸工业,经氢化后可用于制茶用油,洗护发香波与美容化妆用品。 1.1.1茶籽油的营养保健功能 茶籽油富含不饱和脂肪酸,且不易受剧毒致癌物黄曲霉毒素B1污染,因而我们祖先早就把茶籽油视为延年益寿、美容养颜之佳品。 1.1.1.1抗氧化、抗衰老及调节免疫功能 茶籽油中有丰富的维生素E,对清除人体自由基延缓人体衰老有重要的作用。 1