高考代词讲义概要.doc

代词 一、代词的定义----用来代替名词或起名词作用的短语或词 二、代词的分类 分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和连接代词 人称 数 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词 一 单 I me my mine myself 复 we us our ours ourselves 二 单 you you your yours yourself 复 you you your yours yourselves 三 单 he him his his himself 单 she her her hers herself 单 it it its its itself 复 they them their theirs themselves 、代词的用法 人称代词 人称代词指“我”“你”“他”等词，有人称、数、格、性的变化： 1)主格作主语，宾格作宾语。作表语常用宾格形式。 This is just you and me.这事只能你知我知。 用来表示惊叹时，常用宾格Dear me! Goodness me! ②电话用语中常用主格作表语。-I wish to speak to Mary. -This is she(speaking). ③人称代词作同位语时，要根据所同位的名词词组在句中的成分选择主格或宾格。 We, Tom and I, prepared a meal for her ④在强调句式中，强调主语用主格，强调宾语用宾格，如： It was he that / who did it.It is her that we are talking about. ⑤人称代词单独使用时，一般用宾格： --Whos standing there? --Me. --Please go and get back the homework. –Why me? ⑥在比较状语从句中，than 和as后的人称代词的主格和宾格在不引起歧义时，主格可用宾格替换（特别是口语中）。如： He is older than I / me. He is as old as I / me. His wife likes the dog better than he (likes it). 他妻子比他更爱狗。 His wife likes the dog better than (she likes) him. 他妻子爱狗胜过爱他。 2)其他用法 ①she 和he 可用于拟人，she可指月亮、土地、国家、船只、党派、猫、鸟等柔美、可爱的东西，he可指雄性动物或强壮凶猛的动物，如： The moon has risen. She is round and bright. Give the cat some meat. Maybe she is hungry. She was Titanic, a ship which was said never to sink. ②人称代词的排序： 单数：you+he/she+I You and I were fated to meet. You, she and I should work together and play together. 男女：he+she He and she are classmates. 复数: we+you+they 上司--下属: I +you; 认错:I+he/she+you It was I and Peter that made the teacher angry. I, he and you will be punished by the teacher. 有不定代词时为“人称代词+不定代词”,如： I and one or two others visited the Great Wall. 3)代词的活用 代词有时可当名词用，使句子不仅简单而且更形象。 Is the new baby a he or she? 新生儿是男的还是女的？ I noticed that，as usual，there were more shes than hes in this room 4)it的用法 见it讲义 2. 物主代词 物主代词表示所有关系。分为形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词两种。形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，仅在名词前作定语；名词性物主代词功能相当于名词，可作主语，表语和宾语，双重属格结构还能做定语。 (1) This is my school. (2) This isnt my shirt. Mine is o