透视和透视投影变换.docVIP

透视和透视投影变换 ——论图形变换和投影的若干问题之三 何援军( （上海交通大学计算机科学与工程系，上海，200030） 摘要：讨论了透视变换的基本原理：由于与画面成一角度的平行线簇经透视变换后交于灭点，可采用两种不同的方法来获得透视图：一是保持画面铅垂而通过旋转物体使之与画面构成角度达到透视变换效果，得到了3种最佳透视变换矩阵；二是通过倾斜投影画面而达到透视变换效果，给出了通过倾斜画面得到三灭点透视图的齐次透视变换矩阵。两种方法的灭点都是可预先控制（即可先决定灭点再决定变换矩阵），比较彻底的解决了透视变换的生成理论。给出了“对一个空间物体，一定存在另一个空间物体，使前者在画面上的透视投影与后者的平行投影是一样的，且保留了深度方向的对应关系”的一个证明。这个性质可使复杂的透视投影转化成简单的平行投影，使得立体图形的处理大为简化。 关键词：透视变换，齐次变换矩阵，CG 中图法分类号：TP391 Perspective and its Projection Transformation He Yuanjun (Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030,China) Abstract: Basic principles of perspective transformation are discussed. Based on the fact that parallel-lines in some angle with view plane intersect at vanishing-point, two methods are presented to get perspective view: one is to keep the view plane vertical while rotating objects to some angle, thus to achieve perspective transformation effect, and three best perspective transformation matrixes is presented. The other is to incline projective view to get the effect. Homogenous perspective transformation matrix are present, which can generate 3-vanishing-point drawing through inclining view. Both methods are beforehand controllable (that’s to say vanishing-point is first decided, then comes out the transformation matrix), thus generating theory of perspective transformation is thoroughly solved. Prove that for each 3D object there must be another 3D object, which parallel projection is the same as the former’s perspective projection, and the corresponding depth relation is well preserved. With this useful property, a complicated perspective projection can be converted to a simple parallel projection, so the complication of 3D graphics processing becomes sharply reduced. Keywords: perspective transformation, homogenous transformation matrix, CG 引言 现实生活中的景物，由于观察距离及方位不同在视觉上会引起不同的反映，这种现象就是透视现象。研究这种现象并使之能在平面上用线来表现其规律，使画面可正确地表现出物体之间的远近之间的远近层次关系，使观察者获得立体，有深度的空间感觉，就必须研究透视变换的规律。 文献[1]讨论了正透视投影问题，分离了观察点位于世界坐标系Z轴上（中心投影）和不在Z轴