现代语言学名词解释学习笔记.docVIP

现代语言学名词解释 一 绪论 1 Linguistics :Linguistics is generally defined as the scientic study of language 2 Phonetics : The study of sounds which are used in linguistics communication is called phonetics. For example, vowels and consonants 3 Phonology” : The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology. For example, phone, phoneme, and allophone. 4 Morphology :The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words is called morphology. For example, boy and “ish”---boyish, teach---teacher. 5 Syntax : The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences is called syntax. For example:?John like linguistics.” 6 Semantics: The study of meaning in language is called semantics. For example,: The seal could not be found. The zoo keeper became worried.” The seal could not be found, The king became worried.” Here the word seal means different things. 7 Pragmatics: The study of meaning in context of use is called pragmatics. For example, “I do” The word do means different context. 8 Sociolinguistics: The study of language with reference to society is called sociolinguistics. For example, regional dialects, social variation in language. 9Psycholinguistics: The study of language with reference to workings of mind is called psycholinguistics. 二 音系学 1 Phonetics: The study of sounds that are used in linguistic communication is called phonetics. 2 Phonology: The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology. 3 Phone: Phone can be simply defined as the speech sounds we use when speaking a language. A phone is a phonetic unit or segment. It does not necessarily distinguish meaning; some do, some don’t. 4 Phoneme: Phonology is concerned with the speech sounds which distinguish meaning. The basic unit in phonology is called phoneme; it is a unit that is of distinctive value. 5 allophone: The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environment are called