基础微生物学t课件34.pptVIP

2.降解产物的阻遏Catabolite Repression ： 1）二次生长现象及其机制： 分解葡萄糖的酶—— 组成酶（固有酶） 分解乳糖的酶——诱导酶， 受葡萄糖分解代谢产物的 调控。 Figure 9. The Diauxic Growth Curve of E. coli grown in limiting concentrations of a mixture of glucose and lactose 1）cAMP与CAP结合。 2）当cAMP与CAP复合物结合在启动子上,RNApolase 才与启动子结合，转录进行。 3）当缺少cAMP和CAP时, RNApolase不能与启动子结合。 Figure 10. Catabolite repression is positive control of the lac operon. The effect is an increase in the rate of transcription. 有葡萄糖时：——— cAMP的产生受葡萄糖抑制。 葡萄糖降解物抑制腺苷酸环化酶的活性，cAMP浓度下降 ， cAMP不与CAP结合，RNA多聚酶不能结合， 转录不能进行。 无葡萄糖时：——— cAMP浓度上升，cAMP与CAP(降解物的激活蛋白)结合,与启动基因结合，转录进行. （1）存在诱导物时，mRNA得到转录： 调节基因 控制部分 结构基因 P P R t O z y a t β-半乳糖苷酶 渗透酶 转乙酰基酶 诱导物 阻遏物 失活阻遏物 RNA多聚酶 cAMP CRP 乳糖操纵子—1 乳糖操纵子 DNA RNA 蛋白质 乳糖操纵子—2 （2）诱导物和辅阻遏物都存在时 调节基因 控制部分 结构基因 P P R t O z y a t 乳糖操纵子—3 （3）不存在诱导物时，mRNA无法转录： 调节基因 控制部分 结构基因 P P R t O z y a t This assortment of genes and their regulatory regions is called the Lac operon. The Lac operon has been examined in detail. Here is a diagram of it: Element purpose Operator (LacO) binding site for repressor Promoter (LacP) binding site for RNA polymerase Repressor (LacI) gene encoding lac repressor protein Binds to DNA at operator and blocks binding of RNA polymerase at promoter Pi promoter for LacI CAP binding site for cAMP/CAP complex When lactose is present When the inducer (lactose) is removed When levels of glucose in the cell are high * Catabolite Repression Enzyme Induction is still considered a form of negative control because the effect of the regulatory molecule (the active repressor) is to decrease or downregulate transcription.? Catabolite repression is a type of positive control of transcription, since a regulatory protein affects an increase (upregulation) in the rate of transcription of an operon. The process was discovered