复旦大学 生物统计学 g课件 第1~3章.pptVIP

Normal approximation to Binomial distribution A r.v. X ~ B(n,p) has mean m = np and variance s 2 = np(1-p). If np(1-p) 3, then X ~ N(m ,s 2) But it should be noted that 0.1201 0.1196 Biostatistics (BIOL130024.01) Professor Zewei Luo Dr Chenqi Lu Telephone: 021E-mail: zwluo@fudan.edu.cn luchenqi@fudan.edu.cn Office: 2309 Guanghua east Building Major Teaching Components Course lectures Exercises with computer software (MiniTab) Inter-course tests Final examination Reference Text: An Introduction to Biostatistics Thomas Glover Kevin Mitchell Copyright ? 2002 Waveland Press Reference Books (1) Mather, K. (1973). Statistical Analysis in Biology Chapman Hall. (2) Elandt-Johnson, R. C. (1971). Probability Models and Statistical Genetics John Wiley Sons. Chapter 1. Introduction to Data Analysis §1.1. A general concept of Scientific Methods Design and Evaluation of Experiments Observation of a particular event Statement of the problem Formulation of a hypothesis Design of the experiment Making a Prediction Statistics -- The subject which helps design and interpret experiments properly collection manipulation summarization analysis of experimental data utilization of the data to test scientific hypotheses Biostatistics (Biometry) – Statistics in Biosciences § 1.2.Basic concepts in Biostatistics Population vs. Sample Parameters Statistics Descriptive measure Variables Data Types Quantitative variables (a). Continuous variables or interval data (b). Discrete variables 2. Ranked (ordinal) variables 3. Categorical data § 1.3. Measure of Central Tendency (1) Mean Population Mean: if a population contains N entities whose measures are x1, x2, … xN, the arithmetic mean is given by Sample Mean: if a sample collected from a population contains n observations: x1, x2, … xn, the sample mean is given by An example demonstrating and The population measures: 1,6,4,5,6,3,8,7 with N = 8 If a sample with n