第十章 油气地球化学调查.ppt

第十章 油气地球化学勘查 Outline 油气与油气异常 油气化探的主要方法 油气化探异常的解释和评价 What is “干酪根”（Kerogen） 为腊状有机物质。是动植物遗骸(通常是藻类或木质植物)在地下深部被细菌分解，除去糖类、脂肪酸及氨基酸后残留下的不溶于有机溶剂的高分子聚合物。除了含有碳、氢、氧之外，也含有氮和硫的化合物 Kerogen is a mixture of organic chemical compounds that make up a portion of the organic matter in sedimentary rocks. It is insoluble in normal organic solvents because of the huge molecular weight (upwards of 1,000?daltons) of its component compounds. The soluble portion is known as bitumen. When heated to the right temperatures in the Earths crust, (oil window ca. 60–160?°C, gas window ca. 150–200?°C, both depending on how quickly the source rock is heated) some types of kerogen release crude oil or natural gas, collectively known as hydrocarbons (fossil fuels). When such kerogens are present in high concentration in rocks such as shale they form possible source rocks. Shales rich in kerogens that have not been heated to warm temperature to release their hydrocarbons may form oil shale deposits. * 微观泡通过孔道 *