上海交通大学.计算机体系结构.研究生课件.pptxVIP

Advanced Computer ArchitectureLecture 2, Spring, 2016ZHU Yongxin, Winson/ Qian Zhiliang mailto:zhuyongxin@zhuyongxin@mailto:qianzl@qianzl@ Last LectureHow are Computer Systems organized? And why are they organized that way?System Level Architecture Micro-architectureInstruction Set ArchitectureLast LectureLast LectureWe answered what’s the course aboutWe understood how a student will benefit from itWe reviewed fundamentals of computer architectureWe analyzed costs of chip manufacturing in a quantitative wayOutline of This LectureFurther fundamentals of Computer ArchitecturePerformance quantitative analysis basicsAmdahl’s LawPerformance metricsTutorial for chapter 1I/O System Architecture Hierarchical data pathsdivides bandwidth going down hierarchyoften buses at each levelI/O processingprogram controlledDMAdedicated I/O processorsInterconnect TypesWANLANSANBus110100100010000Number of autonomous systems connectedA Typical I/O SystemInterruptsProcessorCacheMemory - I/O BusMainMemoryI/OControllerI/OControllerI/OControllerGraphicsNetworkDiskDisk3 ISAslotsPentium CPU6 SIMMslots2 DIMM slots5 PCI slotsAn Old ExampleCurrent Commercial ArchitectureCurrent Commercial ArchitectureCurrent Commercial ArchitectureWEB 计算托管平台3000-5000 台通用X86服务器（高速CPU，较大内存）分布式结构化存储平台3000-5000台通用X86服务器（高速CPU，大内存，大存储空间）分布式缓存平台300-600台通用X86服务器（大内存）实时搜索平台600-1000台通用X86服务器（高速CPU，大内存，大存储空间）数据分析与挖掘平台600-1000台通用X86服务器（较大内存，大存储空间）分布式文件存储平台800-1200台通用X86服务器（大存储空间）全球内容分发网络（CDN）1000-1500台通用X86服务器（高网络带宽），分布在30-50多个IDCCurrent Big Data Architecture 数据获取/转换/清洗/整合/分析/展示应用数据获取应用展示层数据分析层数据仓库层数据集市层数据源实时消息队列（Kafka等）变压器寿命预测结构化ODS变压器状态评估避雷器老化特性实时电缆状态评估ETL地理信息断路器故障预测GIS状态评估电缆负载能力评估公共数据模型PMS断路器状态评估数据/服务总线ESBGIS运行状态评价EMS避雷器状态评估分布式文件系统/数据库(HDFS/Hbase)互感器运行可靠性气象互感器状态评估数据连接器（Sqoop等）…….设备运行风险评估…….…….Architecture Example: Equipment Assessment of State Grid Bandwidth grows faster than latencyPatterson, D. [2004]. “Latency lags bandwidth,” CACM 47:10 (October), 71–75.Power Thermal Issues In 2006, leakage is 25% of the total power