简析what在名词性从句中的使用.docVIP

简析ｗｈａｔ在名词性从句中的使用作者：苏艳红 文章来源：《中学英语之友·高二版》 点击数：952 更新时间：2008-3-12 　what作为引导词是英语名词性从句中学习的重点，也是学生正确使用的一大难点。近年来各地高考试题中多次对what在名词性从句中的用法进行考查，可见此词在英语学习中的重要性。下面就此词的一些用法作一简析: 　　 　　一?高考题中具体的考查情况 　　 　　 1. ____ matters most in learning English is enough practice. 　　(NMET2007全国卷Ⅱ) 　　 A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which 　　解析:考查what引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语。 　　 2. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ____ it is.(NMET2007天津卷) 　　 A. what B. which C. how D. where 　　解析:考查what引导宾语从句，且在从句中作is的表语。 　　 3. ——Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game? 　　 ——Oh， that’s ____.(NMET2003北京卷) 　　 A. what makes me feel excited 　　 B. whatever I feel excited about 　　 C. how I feel about it 　　 D. when I feel excited 　　解析:考查what引导表语从句，且在从句中作主语。 　　 4. ____ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. 　　(NMET2007上海卷) 　　 A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where 　　解析:考查what引导主语从句，且在从句中作referred to的宾语。 　　 5. By improving reading skills， you can read faster and understanding more of ____ you read. (2007春季上海卷) 　　 A. that B. what C. which D. whether 　　解析:考查what引导宾语从句，且在从句中作read的宾语。 　　 6. Do you have any idea ____ is actually going on in the classroom?(NMET2005辽宁卷) 　　 A. that B. what C. as D. which 　　解析:考查what引导同位语从句，且在从句中作主语。 　　 　　二?考查难点所在与解题技巧 　　 　　1. 引导名词性从句what与that的区别:从上面例题4和5中可以看出，确定选what还是that，关键在于:如果名词性从句中缺少主语?宾语或表语，通常要用what;如果从句中不缺少该类成分并且意义完整?明确，则用that。又如: 　　(1)What moved us most was his bravery and courage.(主语从句中缺少主语) 　　(2)That he is very brave is known to everybody here.(主语从句中不缺少成分) 　　(3)Our school is no longer what it was five years ago.(表语从句中缺少表语) 　　(4)That our team has won the first prize is really exciting.(主语从句中不缺少成分) 　　2. what引导的名词性从句与that作关系代词引导定语从句的区别: 　　(1)The thought of going back home was ____ kept him happy while he was working abroad. (2007春季上海卷) 　　 A. that B. all that C. all what D. which 　　解析:all作was的表语，后接that引导的定语从句，且that在定语从句中作主语;what只引导名词性从句，不能引导定语从句，而what相当于定语从句中“先行词+关系代词”的作用，所以，