英语平行结构和比较结构.pptx

英语平行结构和比较结构Parallelism Comparison一、平行结构, 即并列结构：由并列连词连接两个或两个以上对等的语言成分构成。连词是一种虚词， 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。 并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。从属连词用来引导名词从句和各类的状语从句。 并列结构的连接手段１）并列连词２）标点符号　３）并列结构的插入语在最后一个项目之前插入一个词语，使这个项目处于更加突出的地位。４）并列结构的对称组合成对组合的办法使整个结构更加紧凑。常见的并列连词有：1、表递进关系：and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, not… but…2. 选择关系：or，either…or…, otherwise, whether...or 3. 转折对比关系: but, yet, whereas, while, still4. 因果关系：so, for5. 并列关系：and, when一、表示平行、递进关系的连词?1.?A?and?BAnd连接两个并列成分。and也常位于句首，使上下文联系更紧密。 The fabric is light and strong. I like reading and fishing in my spare time. This model of the computer is powerful, and the price is competitive. It was a severe winter. And we had not enough food for ourselves. ?2.?both?A?and?B这一结构是and的强化形式，连接的两个成分必须在结构上等同。不能连接句子。 The new tax policy benefits both workers and farmers. Bothe she and I are interested in English literature.3.?not?only…but?(also)…不仅……而且……not?only…but…as?well不仅……而且……也?as?well?as和 …and…as?well和*?not?only…but?(also)…结构侧重在后者，而as?well?as侧重在前者。Not only George but also his wife did a lot for us. It is said that he can fly a plane as well as drive a car. She can play pop music and classical music as well.二、表示选择关系的连词1. neither A nor B这一结构表示否定意义，若连接两个句子可以采用倒装形式。 Einstein cared for neither money nor fame. You can neither take it out nor photocopy it. *在否定结构中通常用or连接两个并列成分。 You can never take it out or photocopy it.2. or或者，大约，否则，不然 either…or…或者…….或者……，不是……就是……(either…or…结构是or的强化形式) Do you stay at home alone or go to theatre with me? You’ll have to wait one or two days before you know the result. Hurry up, or we’ll be late. Have one more try, or you won’t be successful. Either he didn’t speak clearly or you didn’t hear well.三、表示转折和对比意义的并列连词but（但是），yet（然而），while（而，却）等 After a busy day, I felt tired but happy. Difficulties will arise in the course of reforming， but we will certainly overcome them. He was not feeling well, yet he kept on until it was done. China is rich in natural resources, while Japan is poor. 四、