光通讯基础课件1.pptVIP

6.Interference There is interference between light waves of both arms. If light waves of both arms have the same phase, they will interfere constructively and destructively if they are reverse. Atoms want to exist at the lowest possible energy levels. To raise them to higher levels, we must energize them from an external source. When atoms absorb external energy, they jump to the higher energy levels and then drop to the lower levels, radiating photons---that is, light. The process of making atoms jump to the higher levels by feeding them external energy is called pumping. What happens if an external photon (light) strikes a medium? If its energy, EP = h?, is equal to the energy gap, ΔE, the photon will be absorbed by an atom and the atom will jump to the appropriate higher level. If EP is not equal toΔE, the photon will pass by the material without interaction. The Energy band theory of semiconductor * Prof. Yang, The college of Optic and Electronic Information Engineering, USST * Light : 1. Electromagnetic (EM) wave ----In the wave view 2. A ray or beam ----In the geometric optics view 3. A stream of photons ---- In the quantum view 1.l ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 1. Wavelength:λ 2. Velocity: c 3. Frequency: ? 4. The period: T 5. Spectrum : Visible :λ=400 nm----700 nm ?= 1/T λ? =c (1.l) 7.diffraction 1.2 BEAMS (RAYS) Refractive Index n = c/v (1.2) What are the directions of the reflected and the refracted beams? The refractive indexes for some media are given in Table 1. 1 Snells law : θ1 =θ3 n1 sinθ1 = n2 sinθ2 (1.3) Total internal reflection : When light travels from a medium with a higher refractive index to a medium with a lower refractive index and it strikes the boundary at more than the critical incident angle, (θ1 θ1C )all light will be reflected back to the incident medium, meaning it will not penetrate the second medium. The incid