负密度制约机制 案例.pptVIP

植被生态学 2015 植被生态学 * 植被生态学结课汇报 姓 名：高 睿 专 业：干旱区植被与生态 学 号：2014103059 指导老师：刘彤教授 Density-dependent mortality and the latitudinal gradient in species diversity Journal Title：Nature IF：42.351 Janneke Hille Ris Lambers ; Brian Beckage Biology Department, Duke University James S. Clark Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences 物种多样性的纬向梯度密度制约效应 植被生态学 负密度制约机制主要在小尺度上降低群落内同种个体生长率，同时提高个体死亡率，从而为其他物种的生存提供空间和资源，促进物种共存。目前负密度制约假说的检验研究主要侧重密度制约、距离制约、群落补偿效应三个方面。 植被生态学 ?Abstract Ecologists have long postulated that density-dependent mortality maintains high tree diversity in the tropics. If species experience greater mortality when abundant, then more rare species can persist. Agents of density-dependent mortality (such as host-specific predators, and pathogens) may be more prevalent or have stronger effects in tropical forests, because they are not limited by climatic factors. If so, decreasing density-dependent mortality with increasing latitude could partially explain the observed latitudinal gradient in tree diversity. 植被生态学 This hypothesis has never been tested with latitudinal data. Here we show that several temperate tree species experience density-dependent mortality between seed dispersal and seedling establishment. The proportion of species affected is equivalent to that in tropical forests, failing to support the hypothesis that this mechanism is more prevalent at tropical latitudes. We further show that density-dependent mortality is misinterpreted in previous studies. Our results and evidence from other studies suggest that density-dependent mortality is important in many forests. Thus, unless the strength of density-dependent mortality varies with latitude, this mechanism is not likely to explain the high diversity of tropical forests. 植被生态学 ?Research Background We quantified seed dispersal, seed bank densities, seedling emergence and seedling survival at 100 microsites distributed across five temperate forest stands over 3 years. We