新概念英语第一册第课[参考].pptVIP

Grammar 过去完成时 概念：在过去某一特定的时间之前，动作已经结束或完成；过去的两个动作进行比较时，发生在之前的那个动作应该用过去完成时。 结构：S+ had 动词过去分词 （+by the end of到……为止） 常与现在完成时连用的副词：already（已经），ever（曾经），for+表示时间段的词，just（刚刚），never（从未）。 I had seen 50 films by the end of last week. I bought a new car last year after I had sold my old one. 用法 主要用法有三个，即＂已完成用法＂，＂未完成用法＂和＂虚拟用法＂． 已完成用法表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成．如： Tom flew home, but his father had died. 未完成用法表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且到那时还未结束，仍有继续下去的可能性．如： By six o’clock they had worked twelve hours. 虚拟用法表示主观愿望和过去事实相反的，非真实的假设虚拟情况．如： You didn’t let me drive. If we _____ in turn, you _____ so tired.(NMET’96) A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got (Key: D) Ａ．已完成用法 1.＂by＋过去某一时间＂连用，意为＂到……为止＂＂在……之前＂，表示在过去 某一时刻或动作以前完成了得动作．如： We had got everything ready by the time they arrived. ［练习］根据汉语提示完成句子： 　________ （到他１４岁时），he ______（建立）his own chemical lab.??? (Key: By the time he was 14; had built) ________　（在比赛临结束之前），they ______（踢进了）two goals and we _____（踢进了）four.????? ( Key: By the end of the match/ Before the match nearly ended; had kicked; had kicked) By the time the new pupil _____ enough courage to raise his hand, the bell ______ for the End of the lesson. (MET’88) A. had gathered; was already ringing B. was gathering; had already rung C. gathered; already rang D. would rather; would already have rung (key: A)  2. 也常用when, before等引导的时间状语从句作为发生的时间先后对 比，即主句动作发生在从句动作之前，这时主句用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时． He had only just reached home when a man called to see him.他刚到家就有人找他．（when在此有＂突然＂之意）． I had not gone much father before I caught them up.我没有走多远就赶上他们了． ［练习］Tom was disappointed (失望的)　that most of the guests _____ when he _____ at the party. A. left; had arrived B. left; arrived C. had left; had arrived D. had left; arrived (key: D) －How long _____ each other before they ______ married? (NMET’93) －About a year. A. have they known; g