本科生毕业文 翻译科技论文.docVIP

Xx大学 本科生毕业设计（翻译） 学院（系）： 专 业：自动化 学 生： 指导 教师： 完成 日期： PIC 16F877 MICROCONTROLLER 2.1 MICROCONTROLLERS – THE GENERAL A digital computer typically consists of three major components: The (CPU), program and data memory, and an Input/Output (I/O)system. The CPU controls the flow of information among the components of the computer. It also processes the data by performing digital operations. A microprocessor is a CPU that is compacted into a single-chip semiconductor device and they are general-purpose devices, suitable for many applications. A microcontroller is an entire computer manufactured on a single chip. The I/O and memory subsystems contained in a microcontroller specialize these devices so that they can be interfaced with hardware and control functions of the applications. Since microcontrollers are powerful digital processors, the degree of control and program ability they provide significantly enhances the effectiveness of the application. Microcontrollers are usually dedicated devices embedded within an application. In order to serve applications, they have a high concentration of on-chip facilities such as serial ports, parallel input-output ports, timers, counters, interrupt control, analog-to-digital converters, random access memory, and read only memory. Figure 2.1 a comparison between a microprocessor system and a microcontroller system.Most of the microcontrollers have an 8-bit word size, at least 64 bytes of R/W memory, and 1K byte of ROM. The range of I/O lines varies considerably, from 16to 40 lines. However, most of these devices can not be easily programmed unless they include EPROM on the chip. 2.2 PIC MICROCONTROLLERS 2.2.1 General View The PIC microprocessor was originally designed around 1980 by General Inst