土木工程专业果英语.docxVIP

土木工程专业英语土木工程civil engineering 梁beam结构工程structural engineering 柱 column环境工程environmental engineering 桥墩 bridge piers超高层建筑 ultrahigh-rise building 桥台 abutment管道工程Pipine Engineering 摩天大楼 skyscrapers抗压强度 compressive strength 活性炭 app:ds:active%20carbonactive carbon拱桥 arch bridge 吊桥suspension bridge斜拉桥 cable-stayed bridge 梁板桥 clapper bridge 高层建筑 hight rise building 剪力墙 shear wall抗拉强度 strength of extension 屈服强度yield strength承重墙 bearing-wall 幕墙 curtain wall钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete 隔墙 partition预应力混凝土 app:ds:prestressed%20concreteprestressed concrete 电梯 elevatorThe word civil derives from the latin for citizen. in 1782, Englishman John Smeaton used the term to differentiate his nonmilitary engineering work form that of the military who predominated at the time .since then, the term civil engineering has often been used to refer to engineers who build public facilities, although the filed is much broader土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。在1782年，英国人John Smeaton为了把他的非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位的军事工程师的工作而采用的名词。自从那时起，土木工程学被用于提及从事公共设施建设的工程师，尽管其包含的领域更为广阔。Environmental specialists study the project’s impact on the local area the potential for air and groundwater pollution, the project’s impact on local animal and plant life, and how the project can be designed to meet government requirement aimed protecting the environment 环境工程专家研究工程对当地的影响，包括对空气和地下水的可能污染，对当地动植物生活的影响，以及如何让工程设计满足政府针对环境保护的需要In an apartment building every habitable space, such as living room and bedrooms, must have natural light from window while bathrooms and kitchens can have artificial light and therefore can be in the interior of the buliding.公寓的每一个可居住空间如起居室和卧室必须有来自窗户的自然光，而浴室和厨房可以采用人造光源因而可以安排在建筑物内部Any beam spanning a void tends to bend downward between the support , putting the lower half of the beam under tension何空间跨度的梁在支任承之间容易向下弯曲，梁的下半区承受拉力Bearing-wall construction limited the height of buildings because of the enormous wall thickness required; for instance, the 16-story monadnock building built in the 1800’s