chapter6DecisionMakingandLooping课程.pptVIP

Chapter 6 Decision Making and Looping 6.1 Introduction For example, suppose we want to calculate the sum of squares of all integers between 1 and 10. We can write a program using the if statement. ------- ------- sum=0; n=1; loop: sum=sum+n*n; if (n==10) goto print; else { n=n+1; goto loop; } print: ------- ------- This program does the following things: Initializes the variable n. Computes the square of n and adds it to sum. Tests the value of n to see whether it is equal to 10 or not. If n is less than 10, the control goes back. Loop control structures The C language provides for three constructs for performing loop operations. They are: The while statement. The do statement. The for statement. Sentinel(警戒) Loops The loops may be classified into two general categories: Counter-controlled loops Sentinel-controlled loops 6.2 The While Statement while (test condition) { body of the loop } We can rewrite the program loop discussed in Section 6.1 as follows: ------------ ------------ sum=0; n=1; /*Initialization*/ while (n=10) /*Testing*/ { sum=sum+n*n; n=n+1; /*Incrementing*/ } printf(“sum=%d\n”,sum); ------------ ------------ Another example of while statement, which uses the keyboard input is shown below: ------------- ------------- character=‘’; while (character != ‘Y’) character=getchar(); xxxxxxxx; ------------- ------------- Example 6.1 A program to evaluate the equation y=xn when n is a non-negative integer Example 6.1-Program main() { int count, n; float x, y; printf(Enter the values of x and n:); scanf(%f %d, x, n); y=1.0; count=1; /*Initialization*/ /* Loop Begins */ while (count = n) /*Testing*/ { y=y*x; count++; /*Incrementing*/ } /* End of Loop*/ printf(\nx=%f; n=%d; x to power n=%f\n,x,n,y); } Example 6.1-Output Enter the values of x and n:2.5 4 x=2.500000; n=4; x to power n=39.062500 Enter the values of x and n:0.5 4 x=0.500000; n=4; x to power n=0.062500 6.3 The Do Statement do { body of the loop } while (test-condition