li_chapter7.pptVIP

Motivation for Input/Output 5 Components of Any Computer Motivation for Input/Output I/O is how humans interact with computers I/O gives computers a capability of long-term memory. I/O lets computers do amazing things: Read pressure of synthetic hand and control synthetic arm and hand of fireman Control propellers, fins,  communicate in BOB (Breathable Observable Bubble) Computer without I/O like a car without wheels Motivation for Input/Output Wide variety of peripherals Delivering different amounts of data At different speeds According to different timing sequence In different formats All slower than CPU and RAM Peripherals do not connect directly to system bus Need I/O modules Computer Motivation for Input/Output Input/Output Module Interface to CPU and Memory Interface to one or more peripherals I/O modular architecture is designed to provide a systematic means of controlling interaction with outside world and provide the O.S with information to manage I/O activity effectively 7.1 External Devices Generic Model of I/O Modular Human readable Screen, printer, keyboard Machine readable Monitoring and control Communication Modem Network Interface Card (NIC) I/O Device Examples and Speeds I/O Speed: bytes transferred per second(from mouse to display: 1-to-million) Device Behavior Partner Data Rate (KBytes/s) Keyboard Input Human 0.01 Mouse Input Human 0.02 Voice output Output Human 5.00 Floppy disk Storage Machine 50.00 Laser printer Output Human 100.00 Magnetic disk Storage Machine 10,000.00 Network-LAN I or O Machine 10,000.00 Graphics display Output Human 30,000.00 External Device Block Diagram Keyboard and Monitor The most common means of computer/user is keyboard and monitor Keyboard working principle (A/D) A key ? an electronic signal ? bit pattern (transducer) Bit pattern ? I/O modular Processed and stored as ASCⅡ in computer Monitor wor