UNIT-4.pptVIP

UMBC CMSC 331 xxx Chapter 2 History of Programming Languages History Early History : The first programmers The 1940s: Von Neumann and Zuse The 1950s: The First Programming Language The 1960s: An Explosion in Programming languages The 1970s: Simplicity, Abstraction, Study The 1980s: Consolidation and New Directions The 1990s: Internet and the Web The 2000s: To be determined Early History: The First Programmer Jacquard loom of early 1800s Translated card patterns into cloth designs Charles Babbage’s analytical engine (1830s 40s) Programs were cards with data and operations Ada Lovelace – first programmer “The engine can arrange and combine its numerical quantities exactly as if they were letters or any other general symbols; And in fact might bring out its results in algebraic notation, were provision made.” The 1940s: Von Neumann and Zuse John Von Neumann led a team that built computers with stored programs and a central processor ENIAC, however, was also programmed wit patch cords. Konrad Zuse and Plankalkul Konrad Zuse began work on Plankalkul (plan calculus), the first algorithmic programming language, with an aim of creating the theoretical preconditions for the formulation of problems of a general nature. Seven years earlier, Zuse had developed and built the worlds first binary digital computer, the Z1. He completed the first fully functional program-controlled electromechanical digital computer, the Z3, in 1941. Only the Z4, the most sophisticated of his creations, survived World War II. The 1940s: Von Neumann and Zuse Konrad Zuse (Plankalkul) in Germany - in isolation because of the war defined Plankalkul (program calculus) circa 1945 but never implemented it. Wrote algorithms in the language, including a program to play chess. His work finally published in 1972. Included some advanced data type features such as Floating point, used twos complement and hidden bits Arrays records (that could be nested) Plankalk