Chapter4Logicandreasoning课程.pptVIP

中南大学 智能系统与智能软件研究所 Chapter 4 Logic and reasoning第4章 逻辑及其推理 Universal quantification ?variables sentence Everyone at CSU is smart: ?x At(x,CSU) ? Smart(x) ?x P is true in a model m iff P is true with x being each possible object in the model Roughly speaking, equivalent to the conjunction of instantiations of P At(KingJohn,CSU) ? Smart(KingJohn) ? At(Richard,CSU) ? Smart(Richard) ? At(NUS,CSU) ? Smart(NUS) ? ... A common mistake to avoid Typically, ? is the main connective with ? Common mistake: using ? as the main connective with ?: ?x At(x,CSU) ? Smart(x) means “Everyone is at