发展经济学林相森中南财大3.pptVIP

Chapter 3 Classic Theories of Economic Growth and Development 3-* 3.1 Classic Theories of Economic Development: Four Approaches Linear stages of growth model Theories and Patterns of structural change International-dependence revolution Neoclassical, free market counterrevolution 3.2 Development as Growth and Linear-Stages Theories A Classic Statement: Rostow’s Stages of Growth Harrod-Domar Growth Model (sometimes referred to as the AK model) The Harrod-Domar Model The Harrod-Domar Model Criticisms of the Stages Model Necessary versus sufficient conditions 3.3 Structural-Change Models The Lewis two-sector model Figure 3.1 The Lewis Model of Modern-Sector Growth in a Two-Sector Surplus-Labor Economy Criticisms of the Lewis Model Rate of labor transfer and employment creation may not be proportional to rate of modern-sector capital accumulation Surplus labor in rural areas and full employment in urban? Institutional factors? Assumption of diminishing returns in modern industrial sector Figure 3.2 The Lewis Model Modified by Laborsaving Capital Accumulation: Employment Implications Empirical Patterns of Development - Examples Switch from agriculture to industry (and services) Rural-urban migration and urbanization Steady accumulation of physical and human capital Population growth first increasing and then decreasing with decline in family size 3.4 The International-Dependence Revolution The neocolonial dependence model Legacy of colonialism, Unequal power, Core-periphery The false-paradigm model Pitfalls of using “expert” foreign advisors who misapply developed-country models The dualistic-development thesis Superior and inferior elements can coexist; Prebisch-Singer Hypothesis Criticisms and limitations Does little to show how to achieve development in a positive sense; accumulating counterexamples 3.5 The Neoclassical Counterrevolution: Market Fundamentalism Challenging the Statist Model: Free Markets, Public Choice, and Market-Friendly Approaches Free market