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An artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on the individual’s expression of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions Features of American Romanticism There is American Puritanism as a cultural heritage to consider. American Romantic authors tended more to moralize, to edify rather than entertain. American Romanticism produced an entirely new experience alien to European culture. American romanticism was both imitative and independent. The American Renaissance or New England Renaissance is a period of the great flowering of American literature, from the 1830s roughly until the end of the American Civil War. Comic fables of Washington Irving; Gothic tales of Edgar Allen Poe; The frontier adventures of James Fennimore Cooper; The Psychological romances of Nathanial Hawthorne and Herman Melville William Cullen Bryant, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow are Fireside Poets or Schoolroom Poets. Washington Irving is the Father of American literature. James Fennimore Cooper is the Father of the American novel. Edgar Allan Poe is the Father of modern short story. Ralph Waldo Emerson is the Father of American Transcendentalism. Henry David Thoreau is a famous practical transcendentalist. Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman are bridge poets between American Romanticism and the 20th century. Washington Irving 华盛顿·欧文 Father of American literature the first professional American writer the first American Romantic writer the first American short story writer the first native American author to win worldwide fame The Sketch Book 见闻札记） a collection of essays, sketches, and tales. The short story as a genre in American literature probably began with Irving’s The Sketch Book, “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”睡谷传奇 “Rip Van Winkle”瑞普·凡·温克尔 1789—1851 James Fennimore Cooper Father of America