小波函数及atlab常用指令.ppt

常用小波函数及Matlab常用指令 ●一 、常用小波函数与标准傅立叶变换相比，小波分析中用到的小波函数没有唯一性，小波函数具有多样性。由此而带来的问题是使用不同的小波基分析同一个问题会产生不同的结果，没有一个选择最优小波基的统一方法。目前主要是通过用小波分析方法处理信号的结果与理论分析结果的误差莱判定小波基的好坏，并由此选定小波基。 常用的指导性选择标准有： (1)的支撑长度。即当时间或频率趋于无穷大时，上述各量从有限值收敛到0的速度； (2) 对称型。它在图象处理中对于避免移相非常有用; (3)(若存在)的消失矩阶数。对于压缩非常有用; (4)正则性。对信号或图象的重构获得较好的平滑效果非常有用。 1、Haar 小波waveinfo(haar) HAARINFO Information on Haar wavelet.Haar WaveletGeneral characteristics: Compactly supportedwavelet, the oldest and the simplest wavelet.scaling function phi = 1 on [0 1] and 0 otherwise.wavelet function psi = 1 on [0 0.5[, = -1 on [0.5 1] and 0 otherwise.FamilyHaarShort namehaarExampleshaar is the same as db1OrthogonalyesBiorthogonalyesCompact supportyesDWTpossibleCWTpossibleSupport width1Filters length2Regularityhaar is not continuousSymmetryyesNumber of vanishing moments for psi1 图: DBINFO Information on Daubechies wavelets. Daubechies WaveletsGeneral characteristics: Compactly supported wavelets with extremal phase and highest number of vanishing moments for a given support width. Associated scaling filters are minimum-phase filters. FamilyDaubechies Short namedb Order NN strictly positive integer Examplesdb1 or haar, db4, db15OrthogonalyesBiorthogonalyesCompact supportyesDWTpossibleCWTpossibleSupport width2N-1Filters length2NRegularityabout 0.2 N for large NSymmetryfar fromNumber of vanishing moments for psiN 图: 3、Biorthogonal(biorNr.Nd)小波系 主要特点体现在具有线性相位型，主要应用于信 号和图象的重构中。通常表示为biorNr.Nd形式。 Nr=1Nd=1,3,5;Nr=2Nd=2,4,6,8 Nr=3Nd=1,3,5,7,9; Nr=4Nd=4 Nr=5Nd=5;Nr=6Nd=8 General characteristics: Compactly supportedbiorthogonal spline wavelets for which symmetry andexact reconstruction are possible with FIR filters (inorthogonal case it is impossible except for Haar).FamilyBiorthogonalShort namebiorOrder Nr,NdNr = 1 , Nd = 1, 3, 5r for reconstructionNr = 2 , Nd = 2, 4, 6, 8d for decompositionNr = 3 , Nd = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9Nr = 4 , Nd = 4Nr = 5 , Nd = 5Nr = 6 , Nd = 8Examplesbior3.1, bior5.5Orthogonal（正交） noBiorthogonal(双正交的) yesC