2012-2013学年第一学期环境经济学试卷B.doc

西北农林科技大学本科课程考试试卷 2012—2013学年第1学期《自然资源与环境经济学》课程 B 卷 专业班级： 命题教师： 审题教师： 学生姓名： 学号： 考试成绩： 一、名词解释（每小题3分，共18分） 得分： 分 1、Natural resource economics 2、Ambient quality 3、Government failure 4、External benefit 5、Public good 6、Discounting 二、选择题（每小题4 分，共20分） 得分： 分 1. The term market failure refers to a) a situation in which the market on its own fails to allocate resources efficiently. b) a firm that is forced out of business because of losses. c) an unsuccessful advertising campaign. d) a situation in which the market on its own fails to allocate resources equitably. 2. Which of the following is least important reason for non-market valuation of environmental services? As many goods that have use value but no market price, but tradeoff exist. When various changes or uses of the resources are possible and we need determine what level of change is economically and socially efficient. When various stakeholders are involved in the use of environmental services The total value of the environmental service is huge. 3. Increasing price of a natural resource will lead to Promote the technology that would increase the efficiency of the use of that resource Induce to explore alternative resources that can substitute that resource Reduce the demand of that resource Create incentive to discover, explore and extract that resource All of above 4. If the price of coal rises, incentives are created for people to buy and use less coal. more efforts will be placed to explore more coal. more efforts will be placed to explore alternative energy (e.g., gas). a and b a, b and c 5. When positive externalities of economic activities (e.g., afforestation) exist, the real production level (afforested area) will be large than the optimal level less than the optimal level no