《数字滤波器设计毕业设计外文翻译(译文)》.docVIP

山东理工大学 毕业设计 （外文翻译材料）2009年6月 DIGITAL FILTERS Digital filtering is one of the most powerful tools of DSP. Apart from the obvious advantages of virtually eliminating errors in the filter associated with passive component fluctuations over time and temperature, op amp drift (active filters), etc., digital filters are capable of performance specifications that would, at best, be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to achieve with an analog implementation. In addition, the characteristics of a digital filter can be easily changed under software control. Therefore, they are widely used in adaptive filtering applications in communications such as echo cancellation in modems, noise cancellation, and speech recognition. The actual procedure for designing digital filters has the same fundamental elements as that for analog filters. First, the desired filter responses are characterized, and the filter parameters are then calculated. Characteristics such as amplitude and phase response are derived in the same way. The key difference between analog and digital filters is that instead of calculating resistor, capacitor, and inductor values for an analog filter, coefficient values are calculated for a digital filter. So for the digital filter, numbers replace the physical resistor and capacitor components of the analog filter. These numbers reside in a memory as filter coefficients and are used with the sampled data values from the ADC to perform the filter calculations. The real-time digital filter, because it is a discrete time function, works with digitized data as opposed to a continuous waveform, and a new data point is acquired each sampling period. Because of this discrete nature, data samples are referenced as numbers such as sample 1, sample 2, sample 3, etc. Figure 1 shows a low frequency signal containing higher frequency noise which must be filtered out. This waveform must be digitized with an ADC to produce samples x(n). These data values are fed to the di