大学物理Lecture6LM(S)学习课件.pptVIP

Example A particle of unknown mass M is initially at rest. A particle of known mass m is “shot” at it with initial momentum . After the particles collide, the new momentum of the shot particle is measured. Figure out what M is in terms of and m. ACT Ballistic Pendulum 1. System of Particles: Center of Mass The center of mass is where the system is balanced! Example Calculate center of mass of three pointlike objects: 2. For a continuous distribution The center of mass for a combination of objects is the average center of mass location of the objects: Act The disk shown below (1) clearly has its CM at the center. Suppose the disk is cut in half and the pieces arranged as shown in (2): Where is the CM of (2) as compared to (1)? The center of mass (CM) of an object is where we can freely pivot that object. Gravity acts on the CM of an object (show later) If we pivot the objectsomewhere else, it willorient itself so that theCM is directly below the pivot. This fact can be used to findthe CM of odd-shaped objects. Hang the object from several pivots and see where the vertical lines through each pivot intersect! Act An object with three prongs of equal mass is balanced on a wire (equal angles between prongs). What kind of equilibrium is this position? Consider also the case in which the two lower prongs have balls of equal mass attached to them: Inelastic Two-body collision Example A ball with mass m1 and velocity on a frictionless table collides with a second ball with mass m2 which is initially at rest. The coefficient of restitution of the two balls is e, find the velocity of the balls after collision. Ｏ Ｙ x Solution after collision x Ｏ Ｙ A projectile of mass m moving horizontally with speed v strikes a stationary mass M suspended by strings of length L. Subsequently, m + M rise to a height of H. Given H, what is the initial speed v of the projectile ? H L L