高中英语句子基本成分.ppt

Page ? * 句子成分解析 1.主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，主要说明的人或事物。一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。 可以作主语的词性 或语法结构： 1.名词 2.代词 6.动名词 3.数词 4.名词化的形容词（如the rich\poor\disabled） 5.不定式 7.主语从句 练习：在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。 ①During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. ②We often speak English in class. ③One-third of the students in this class are girls. ④To swim in the river is a great pleasure. ⑤Smoking does harm to the health. __________________________________ ____ __________________________________ __________ ___________ （名词） （代词） （数词） (不定式) （动名词） ⑥The rich should help the poor. ⑦When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. ⑧It is necessary to master a foreign language. (it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语) ⑨That he isnt at home is not true. （that引导主语从句。that无意义，仅起连接作用，位于句首不可省略） ____________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________ ________________________________________ （名词化的形容词） （从句） 改正下列句中的错误，并说明原因。 1) He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped out. 2) That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill. 3) Beyond the mountains lie a small village. 4) Play basketball is my favorite sport. 5) Give up English is not an option. ____ lies ____ Playing在这里指经常打篮球，要用动名词作主语。 _________ To give up 放弃英语不是一个选择。 To give up指具体的某一次。 (That he failed the exam is ...) 因为why除去作主句的成分之外， 还起着连接作用。 2.谓语 谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下： 1）简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. 2）复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. My sister is crying over there. I have been waiting for you all the time. I would stay at home all day. 3）由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语。如： We are students. Your idea sounds great. 3.表语 表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。 画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。 1) Our teacher of English is an American. 2) Is it yours? 3) The weather has turned cold. 4) The speech is exc