2016高中物理电势差.pptVIP

1.5 电势差 一、电势差与电势的关系 1、电势差：电场中两点间电势的差值，也叫电压 二、静电力做功与电势差的关系 * Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 则有 或者表示成 显然 设电场中A点的电势为 ，B点的电势为 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 思考 1、电势差可以是正值也可以是负值，电势差的正负表示什么意义？ 2、电势的数值与零电势点的选取有关，电势差的数值与零电势点的选取有关吗？这与力学中学过的哪个概念相似？ 表示两点电势高低无关与重力势能相似 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.电荷q从电场中A点移到B点， 即 或 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 思考 1、UAB由什么决定？跟WAB、q有关吗？ 2、WAB跟q、UAB有关吗？由电场本身的因素决定与WAB、q无关 跟q、UAB都有关 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 应用公式,时应注意各物理量都有符号 计算时可代入符号进行运算,结果的正负就说明所求物理量的大小高低和正负,也可将各物理量均取绝对值代入,然后再由题意分析判断两点间的电势高低关系或其他问题. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1、如图所示的电场中,将2C的正电荷分别由A、C两点移到B点时,电场力所做的功分别是30J、-6J,如果取B点为零电势点,A、C两点的电势分别是=,=, A、C两点的电势能分别是EPA=,EPC=,AC间的电势差ＵAC=,如果取A为零电势点，那么=,=, EPA=,EPC=,ＵAC=. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、把电场中一个电荷量为6×10-6C的负电荷从A点移到B点,克服电场力做功3×10-5J。再将电荷从B点移到C点,电场力做功1.2×10-5J ,求A与B、B与C、A与C间的电势差. UAB=5V UBC=-2V UAC=3V Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 3、如图所示,匀强电场场强E=100V/m,A、B两点相距10cm,A、B连线与电场线夹角为60o,则UBA为( ) A.-10V B.10V C. -5V D. D A B 60o Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 4、在如图所示的电场中，把点电荷q=+2×10-11C，由A点移到B点，电场力做功WAB=4×10-11J。A、B两点间的电势差UAB等于多少？B、A两点间的电势差UBA等于多少？ Eval