2016优化方案高考化学二轮专题复习广东专用专题三常见无机物及其应用第讲.pptVIP

【解析】　(1)通过操作Ⅰ将两种溶液分开，所以操作Ⅰ是萃取、分液。 (2)加入CaO的目的是除去Mg2＋，故加入溶液W的目的是除去溶液中的SO。pH的选择依据有两个，一是Mg2＋完全沉淀下来，二是Ca2＋不能沉淀，故11.0≤pH12.2。酸化溶液Z时，不能引入杂质离子，故用盐酸。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 栏目导引 高考点击 重点知 识整合 知能优 化训练 命题热 点演练 专题针 对训练 第一部分·专题三　常见无机物及其应用 第1讲　常见非金属元素及其化合物 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 高考点击 1. 了解常见非金属单质及其重要化合物的主要性质及应用。 2．了解常见非金属单质及其重要化合物对环境质量的影响。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 重点知识整合 一、常见非金属单质的性质 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 二、常见非金属氧化物的性质 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 三、非金属元素的反应规律与特例 1．强酸制弱酸规律 (1)对于同种非金属元素形成的不同含氧酸，非金属元素的价态越高，酸性越强。如：HClO4HClO3HClO2HClO，H2SO4H2SO3，HNO3HNO2等。 (2)常见酸的酸性强弱 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. (3)强酸制弱酸：较强酸＋较弱酸盐―→较强酸盐＋较弱酸。如： 2HCl＋Na2CO3===2NaCl＋CO2↑＋H2O(盐酸酸性强于碳酸) Ca(ClO)2＋H2O＋CO2===CaCO3↓＋2HClO(漂白粉的使用原理，说明碳酸酸性强于次氯酸) Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2．置换反应规律及其应用 (1)同主族元素单质间的置换 ①第ⅠA族单质间的置换 2Na＋2H2O===2NaOH＋H2↑ ②第ⅣA族单质间的置换 SiO2＋2CSi＋2CO↑(注意生成物为CO)； ③第ⅥA族单质间的置换 2H2S＋O2===2S↓＋2H2O ④第ⅦA族单质间的置换 Cl2＋2NaBr===2NaCl＋Br2 Cl2＋2NaI===2NaCl＋I2 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Cop