2016学高一化学配套课件人教必修第章专题大舞台有关沉淀的图像分析.pptVIP

专 题 例 析 人教版化学 · 必修1 专 题 阐 释 专 题 演 练 第三章 金属及其化合物 专题大舞台 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 有关Al(OH)3沉淀的图像分析 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 下列图像中，横坐标表示加入溶液的体积，纵坐标表示产生沉淀的质量，回答下列问题： (1)表示向AlCl3溶液中逐渐滴加NaOH溶液的是(填序号，下同)___________________________________； (2)表示向NaAlO2溶液中逐渐滴加稀盐酸的是_____； (3)表示向AlCl3溶液中逐渐滴加氨水的是____________。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 答案：(1)①　　(2)⑤　　(3)⑥ Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 【特别提醒】(1)向AlCl3溶液中加NaOH溶液(或向NaAlO2溶液中加盐酸)，计算生成a mol Al(OH)3沉淀时，有两种情况，即碱(或酸)不足和碱(或酸)过量，如图像中所示，计算时要注意讨论分析。 (2)解答图像计算题，必须抓住有关化学原理和有关物质的性质，结合图像的特点，综合分析逐步计算求解，其关键是抓住图像四点(原点、交点、转折点、终点)，数形结合，分析计算。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 在硝酸铝和硝酸镁的混合溶液中，逐滴加入稀氢氧化钠溶液，直至过量。下列表示氢氧化钠加入量(x)与溶液中沉淀的物质的量(y)的关系示意图正确的是 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 解析：Al(NO3)3＋3NaOH===Al(OH)3↓＋3NaNO3 Mg(NO3)2＋2NaOH===Mg(OH)2↓＋2NaNO3 Al(OH)3＋NaOH===NaAlO2＋2H2O 所以开始沉淀逐渐增多，达最大值后Al(OH)3溶解，沉淀又逐渐减少，因Mg(OH)2不溶于NaOH溶液，所以最后沉淀量不变。 答案：C Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1．向100 m