无处不在的博弈概念.doc

中文摘要 最近四五十年，经济学经历了一场博弈论革命。1994年度的诺贝尔经济学奖授予三位博弈论专家，2005年度的诺贝尔经济学奖又授予两位博弈论专家，可以看做博弈论成熟的标志。这也更大激发了人们了解博弈论的热情。 现在的博弈论研究，特别是国内的应用研究，只知道在数学上折腾，不知道博弈的思想更加重要，不知道还可以通过博弈思维去破译诸多社会现象、文化现象。“当代最后一个经济学全才”保罗.萨缪尔森教授，在他生命的最后年月，告诫我们说：“要想在现代社会做一个有文化的人，你必须对博弈论有一个大致的了解。” 在许多人纠结于关于博弈论一系列的表格、图形、模型时，他们忽视了很重要的一点，其实博弈就存在于我们身边，存在于生活中的各个角落。商业竞争、政治选举、职场生存、婚姻经营、朋友相处，就像两人对弈，常常是相当人格化的竞争。博弈贯穿于我们的生活。本文将通过几个经典的例子及日常生活中的现象对博弈进行分析。 关键词：博弈论；模型；无处不在  ABSTRACT The last forty or fifty years, has experienced a revolution in game theory of economics. 1994 Nobel economics prize was awarded to three game-theory experts, 2005 Nobel Prize in economics awarded two experts on game theory, game theory can be thought of as a sign of maturity. Larger fires the enthusiasm of people about the game. Now, on game theory, especially applied research, just tossing in mathematics, does not know the games are more important, dont know what else can be done by game thought to decipher the many social and cultural phenomena. Contemporary last generalist in economics Professor Paul.Samuelson, in the last years of his life, told us: If you want to become a literate person in modern society, you have to have a general understanding of game theory. ” Many people struggling with on a series of tables, graphics, game theory models, they ignore a very important point, in fact games around, exists in every corner of life. Business competition, political elections, survival, marriage and business career, friends, like two people plays chess, personification is often quite competitive. Game runs through our lives. This article through several classic examples of analysis and phenomena of everyday life on the game. Key words: Game theory, model and prevasiveness 无处不在的博弈 引言 “博弈论”原本是数学的一个分支但由于它较好地解决了对竞争等问题的可操作性分析，成为经济学中激荡人心的一个研究领域。可以说， “博弈论”已经改变了经济学的传统轮廓线。 其实博弈现象不只现身于经济领域，于我们日常生活中也是处处可见的，所以博弈论的思想不仅仅能够用来分析经济从而获得最大的盈利，我们也可以尝试将博弈论的观点与日常生活联系，将博弈论的思想运用到生活实践中，从而获得最优的策略。 二、三个经典博弈模型介绍 （一）囚徒困境 “囚徒困境”是博弈论里最经典的例子之一。讲的是两个嫌疑犯（Ａ和Ｂ）作案后被警察