《物理学教育毕业设计(论文)_超导体性质的研究》.doc

渤海大学 本科毕业论文 题 目 超导体性质的研究 完成人姓 名 主 修 专 业 物理学教育 所在院（系） 物理系 入 学 年 度 完 成 日 期 指 导 教 师 超导体性质的研究 渤海大学物理系 摘要：1911年荷兰物理学家昂尼斯首先发现了超导电性。超导体有两个基本电磁学性质—零电阻现象和迈斯纳效应。实际上，超导体的磁状态是热力学状态，用热力学的理论可以解释超导—正常相变问题，相变条件是(T,p,0)=(T,p,)。超导体究竟是应处于超导态，还是正常态，取决于哪个状态的能量低。正常态的自由能在加磁场前后基本上是未变的，而超导态的自由能在外加磁场H中则是增大的。另外，通过比较超导态和正常态时的熵及比热的变化情况，可以知道超导相是比正常相更加有序的状态，且在T=T处的超导正常相变是二级相变。由此，人们在热力学理论的基础上提出了超导体的唯象模型—二流体模型，而以该模型为基础建立起来的伦敦理论则能很好的从理论上解释超导体两个基本电磁学性质。 关键词：超导体；电阻；相变；自由能；二流体  A Study on Superconducting Properties Wang li-li Department of Physics. BoHai Abstract: In 1911,Dutch physicist Kamerlingh Onnes first discovered su- perconductivity.Superconductor has two basic electromagnetic properties: zero resistance phenomenon and Meissner Effect.In fact,Superconducting magnetic state is a state of thermodynamic,thermodynamic theory can be used to explain the superconducting-normal phase transition problem, Phase Transition is (T,p,0)=(T,p,). Superconductor what is at superconducting state, or normal state, which depends on the state of low energy. Normal state of freedom in the magnetic field around basically unchanged, and the superconducting state of freedom in the external magnetic field H which is growing.Furthermore, by comparing the superconducting state and normal state of entropy and specific heat of the changes, know the superconducting phase is more than is normal and orderly condition,and in T=Tthe alteration of normal superconducting phase transition is two phase change.Therefore,people put forward phenomenological superconductor two-fluid-model model on the basis of the thermodynamic theory,then,the London theory which established on the basic of the model can well explain the two basic electromagnetic properties of superconductor. In this thesis,we will put emphasis on discussing the problems of phase transition thermodynamics of supercond