太阳能热光伏发电系统与仿真外文翻译本人版课题.doc

一切论文免费 Introduction 1.1 Photovoltaic Energy Conversion 1.2 solar Cells and Solar Energy Conversion 1.3 solar Cell Applications References 1.1PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION Photovoltaic energy conversion is the direct production of electrical energy in the form of current and voltage from electromagnetic (i.e., light,including infrared, visible. and ultraviolet) energy. The basic four steps needed for photovoltaic energy conversion are: 1. a light absorption process which causes a transition in a material (the absorber) from ground state to an excited state, the conversion of the excited state into (at least) a free negative and free positive-charge carriers pair, and 3. discriminating transport mechanism, which causes the resulting free negative-charge carriers to move in one direction (to a con- tact that we will call the cathode) and the resulting free positive- charge carriers to move in another direction (to a contact that we will call the anode). The energetic photogenerated negative-charge carriers arriving, at the cathode result in electrons which travel through an external path (an electric circuit). While traveling this path, they lose their energy doing something useful at an electrical load, and finally they return to the anode of the cell. At the anode, every one of the returning electrons completes the fourth step of photovoltaic energy conversion, which is closing the circle by 4. combining with an arriving positive-charge carrier, thereby returning the absorber to the ground state. In some materials, the excited state may be a photogenerated free electron-free hole pair. In such a situation, step 1 and step 2 coalesce. In some materials, the excited state may be an exciton, In which case steps 1 and 2 are distinct. A study of the various man-made photovoltaic devices that carry out these four steps is the subject o