04Chapter4_gram.pptVIP

Exercises Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks 1. IC is the short form of immediate ________ used in the study of syntax.（北二外2003） 2. ________ refers to ties and connections which exist within texts. They are also called formal links between sentences and between clauses. (人大2007) 3. A _________ sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word, such as “and”, “but”, “or”. 4.Syntactic relations include ____________, ________________________ and _______________________. Ⅱ. Multiple choice 1. _____ refer to the relationship that linguistic units have with other units because they may occur together in a sentence. （西外2006） A. Syntagmatic relations B. Hypotactic relations C. Paradigmatic relations D. Paratactic relations 2. For structuralists, ____ is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents. (西外2006) A. coordinate construction B. subordinate construction C. endocentric construction D. exocentric consturction 3. ____ refers to construction where one clause is coordinated or conjoined with another. A. conjoining B. embedding C. concord D. government 4. The phrase “my small child’s cot” is an ambiguous phrase, which can be revealed by ____ tree diagrams. A. One B. two C. three D. four 5. ____ is a grammatical category used for the analysis of word classes displaying such contrast as singular, dual, plural, ect. A. category B. number C. gender D. case Ⅲ. Explain the following terms Paradigmatic relations (北交大，中山大) 2. Immediate constituent (武大2006. 2008) 3. IC analysis (川大2010，人大2006) 4. Endocentric construction (川大2006) 5. Concord (Agreement) (武大，中山，上海交大2008) 6. Embedding (武大2004) 2. Immediate constituent ---- the constituent immediately, directly, below the level of a construction. For example, in the sentence “poor John ran away”, the constituents “poor John” and “ran away” are regarded as the immediate constituent