翻译的标准2010.11,公选,+Chapter+1_+Unit+3.+.ppt

Chapter One Unit 3 翻译的标准和原则 Criteria and Principles of Translation The so-call principles and criteria of translation are actually the two sides of the same thing. The former lays emphasis on the translator, who should follow them while translating; while the latter on the reader or critic, who may use the criteria to evaluate translation works. Some of the criteria proposed by scholars in China: 1. 支谦（ Eastern Han）： “佛言，依其义不用饰，取其法不以严。其传经者，当令易晓，勿失厥义，是则为善。” 2. 道安（ Eastern Jin ,314—385）: warned translators on guard against 五失本 (five ways of losing the original essence in translation) The five losses are: (1) unnecessary reversion of word order (2) added description (which does not exist in the original), (3) cutting of repeated wording (necessary as religious scriptures for prayers), (4) omission of repetition of certain conclusive messages, (5) cutting of contents repeated as introduction to a new topic. 3. 玄奘（ Tang Dynasty 600—664） （1）“既须求真，又须喻俗” （To be both true and coherent , or: must be both truthful and intelligible to the populace） （2） “五不翻” 4. 马建忠（1845—1900）： in response to the contemporary abuse in translation, brought forth the principle of “善译” Ma Jianzhong wrote the first Chinese grammar book “马氏文通” Ma Jian-zhong, an expert of translation at the end of the Qing Dynasty in China, wrote a book entitled A Suggestion of Setting Up a Translating Academy (《拟设翻译书院议》)and he pointed out, if you take a book, you’ll have to read it over and over so as to grasp its spiritual Essence, try to figure out its style and understand its mood and translate it with great facility, and the translated text must be exactly like the original one without the slightest error, and the readers can get as much from the translated text as from the original one, only such translation can be called the first-class translation. “所有相当之实义，委屈推究，务审其音声之高下，析其字句之繁简，尽其文体之变态，及其义理精深奥折之所由然。夫如是，则一书到手，经营反复，确知其意旨之所在，而又摹写其神情，仿佛其语气，然后心悟神解，振笔而书，译成之文，适如