张学亮非谓语动词解读.ppt

高中英语的重头戏 谓语动词和非谓语动词 判断下列句子中哪些是谓语动词？哪些是非谓语动词？ He wanted to see a film. He picked up a book and pretended to be reading. Seen from the hill, our school is very beautiful. He had his hair cut. He remembers reading the book somewhere. 复习动词时态的基本形式 一般式： do 进行式：be doing 完成式：have done 非谓语动词的时态和语态形式 谓语动词的时态与非谓语动词的时态有何区别？ I’m standing.我正站着(说话时正站着） He has closed the door.他把门关了（说话时们已经关了） We will see a film.打算去看电影（说话时还没看电影） 这些时态是以什么为参考点呢？ 谓语动词的时态是以说话时间为参考点。与说话时间同时则用现在时，比说话时间早则用过去时或完成时，比说话时间迟则用将来时。 那么，非谓语动词是以什么为参照点呢？ 先看几个句子 He pretended to be reading.（ to be reading与 pretended同时发生，与说话时间无关） Having done his homework, he played basketball.（做作业在打篮球之前） He went home to see his mother.（to see发生在went之后） He sat there singing.（sat 与singing同时发生） 非谓语动词的时态是以主句谓语动词作为参照点，与说话时间没关系。 过去分词的意义 过去分词的形式只有一个 Done 既表示完成（先于主句谓语动词)又表示被动(与其逻辑主语成被动关系） 如：a broken bottle.（作定语） Scolded by the teacher, he was upset.（作状语） I had my hair cut.(补足语） 有时只表示完成不表示被动或者只表示被动不表示完成。 Fallen leaves落叶（只表示完成） The teacher came in, followed by some students.（做伴随状语，只表示被动，不表示完成） 2. The old man, ________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. (江苏卷) A. to work???????????????????????????? B. working C. to have worked????????????????? D. having worked???????? 【分析】答案选D。work发生在谓语(返回祖国)之前，用现在分词的完成式作状语，表示时间，相当于after he has worked abroad…不定式作状语不能表示时间。 谓语动词的语态与非谓语动词的语态有何区别？ English is taught in our school. He came to see his mother. He wanted to be sent to Xingjiang. Scolded by the teacher, he was upset. a sleeping boy a broken bottle He had his hair cut. We saw him doing his homework. He was made to do his homework again. 主语不同。谓语动词的语态只看句子主语与谓语的关系。而非谓语动词的时态是要看非谓语与它的逻辑主语（或者叫意义主语）的关系。 那么，谁是非谓语动词的逻辑主语呢？ 做不同的成分，逻辑主语不同。 非谓语动词作定语时，它的逻辑主语一般是被修饰词。 a sleeping boy a broken bottle 非谓语动词作状语、宾语时，它的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。 He came to see his mother. He wanted to be sent to Xingjiang. Scolded by the teacher, he was upset. 非谓语动词作补足语时，它的逻辑主语一般是前面的宾语或主语。 4. I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ________ ? (上海卷