08. William Shakespeare.ppt

*  十四行诗第18首是莎士比亚的名篇之一。 对于诗的对象“你（thee/thou）”，到底是诗人的友人还是情人，历来众说纷纭。 诗的开头，诗人问要不要把“你”比作英格兰美丽的夏天，但立即自己回答，这样的比喻远不够描绘“你”的美好。 接着，诗人讲述了夏天不如“你”的原因：夏天时有大风（不够温和），为时太短（不能延续），阳光时时被乌云遮掩（不能常见），等等。 随后，诗人笔锋一转，认为“你”之所以胜过夏天，是因为你之不朽，而这不朽，恰好来自“我”美丽的诗篇。 因此从一定意义上，诗中的“你”可以是女性（爱情使美丽永存），可以是男性（友情使美好永存），甚至可以是抽象意义上的“爱”或“美”，在诗人的诗章中得以永存。 * * Sonnet 18 William Shakespeare Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? a Thou art more lovely and more temperate: b Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, a And summer’s lease hath all too short a date: b Sometime too hot the eye of the heaven shines c And often is his gold complexion dimmed; d And every fair from fair sometime declines, c By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed; d But thy eternal summer shall not fade, e * Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; f Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade, e When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st: f So long as a man can breathe, or eyes can see, g So long lives this, and this gives live to thee. g every fair from fair： 此处两个fair，意义不同，前者之美人，后者指美貌。此处指再美貌之人美貌终究会褪色。 * Chinese Version 我怎么能够把你来比作夏天？ 你不独比它可爱也比它温婉： 狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践， 夏天出赁的期限又未免太短； 天上的眼睛有时照得太酷热， 它那炳耀的金颜又常招掩蔽； 被机缘或无常的天道所摧折， * 没有芳艳不终于凋残或销毁。 但是你的长夏永远不会凋落， 也不会损失你这皎洁的红芳， 或死神夸口你在它影里漂泊， 当你在不朽的诗里与时同长。 只要一天有人类，或人有眼睛， 这诗将长存，并且赐给你生命。 * Suffering from melancholia(忧郁症) because of a paralyzing shock from several heavy blows (Bradley). A half conscious revolt against the morality of revenge (B. Shaw). Suffering from an Oedipus complex (Ernest Jones). * Man’s predicament(困境) Man struggling to get something done yet incapable of achievement because of incapability to understand either himself or his fellow men or the world (C. S. Lewis: 英国作家). * 10. Psychoanalysis Benevolent father (the dead—wholly benevolent) Hated rival (the living— wholly hated) Repressed desire Claudius becomes identified as the figure who acted Hamlet’s repressed desire: to kill the father and marry the mother. * So to kill Claudius means to kill part