2.供给和需求.ppt

16 18 Instructor Notes: 1) If there had been a rent ceiling of $16 a month, then the quantity of housing supplied after the quake would have been stuck at 44,000 units--there would have been a shortage of 56,000 units of housing. 2) People would willingly have paid $24 a month for the 44,000th unit. 3) Because the last unit of housing available is worth more than the rent ceiling, frustrated renters will spend time searching for housing and frustrated renters and landlords will make deals in black market. 19 36 38 Instructor Notes: 1) If a minimum wage of $5 an hour is imposed, only 20 million hours are hired but 22 million hours are available--a surplus of labor exists. 2) Unemployment--ab--of 2 million hours a year is created. 3) With only 20 million hours demanded, some workers are willing to supply that 20 millionth hour for $3. 4) Frustrated unemployed workers will spend time and other resources looking for a job. 40 43 Instructor Notes: 1) The sales tax raises the price by less than the tax, lowers the price received by the seller, and decreases the quantity. 2) The sales tax brings in revenue to the government equal to the blue rectangle. 3) The tax brings in $40,000 a week in revenue. 4) The buyer and seller split the tax equally--they both pay $5. 5) The division of the tax between the buyer and seller depends upon both elasticity of demand and supply. 44 46 Instructor Notes: 1) A sales tax of 20 cents a dose shifts the supply curve to S + tax. 2) The price rises to $2.20 a dose, but the quantity bought does not change. 3) Buyers pay the entire tax. 48 Instructor Notes: 1) A sales tax of 10 cents a pink pen shifts the supply curve to S + tax. 2) The price remains at $1 a pen, and the quantity of pink markers sold decreases to 1,000 a week. 3) Sellers pay the entire tax and receives less per pen. 4) As a result, sellers decrease the quantity offered for sale. 49 50 52 Instructor Notes: 1) With a sales tax of 5 cents a bottle, the price remains at 50 cen