铸造的概念及特点幻灯片.pptVIP

Incomplete casting 不完整的铸件 Misruns 浇不到 incorrect dimensions or shape 不正确的尺寸和形状 shrinkage allowance 收缩尺寸 irregular contraction 不规则的收缩 deformed pattern 模型变形 Warped casting 翘曲铸件 Inclusions 夹杂 nonmetallic 非金属 filter out 过滤 crucible 坩埚 spalling 剥落 Porosity Ductility 韧性 dendrite 枝状晶 Graphite 石墨 pressure tighness气密性 Porous 多孔 surface finishing表面光洁度 Fusion 熔合 permeable 可渗透的 Expell 排出 solubility溶解度 Solution 溶液 Interdendritic regions枝晶间区 Cast pressure vessel 铸态压力容器 Internal(external) chills 内(外)冷铁 temperature gradient 温度梯度 hot isostatic pressing 热等静压 Solubility of Hydrogen in Aluminum Figure 10.14 Solubility of hydrogen in aluminum. Note the sharp decrease in solubility as the molten metal begins to solidify. 定向凝固directional freezing图解 浇注系统 Pouring system 型腔mould cavity 冒口 Riser 温度 距离 1 2 3 缩孔shrinkage cavity Hot Tears Figure 10.11 Examples of hot tears in castings. These defects occur because the casting cannot shrink freely during cooling, owing to constraints in various portions of the molds and cores. Exothermic (heat-producing) compounds may be used (as exothermic padding) to control cooling at critical sections to avoid hot tearing. Casting Defects铸件的缺陷 Figure 10.12 Examples of common defects in castings. These defects can be minimized or eliminated by proper design and preparation of molds and control of pouring procedures. Source: J. Datsko. Internal and External Chills内外冷铁 Figure 10.13 Various types of (a) internal and (b) external chills (dark areas at corners), used in castings to eliminate porosity caused by shrinkage. Chills are placed in regions where there is a larger volume of metals, as shown in (c). Cores in the Mold Cavity The mold cavity provides the external surfaces of the cast part In addition, a casting may have internal surfaces, determined by a core, placed inside the mold cavity to define the int