【数据通信与网络】Lecture4-ModulationAndDemodulation.pptVIP

Bit Rate and Baud Rate Link capacity: number of bits per second (bit rate) Baud rate: number of signal elements per second Nyquist Bit Rate Harry Nyquist (1889 – 1976) Also Nyquist’s/Hartley’s Law Nyquist bit rate Cmax is the maxiumum bit rate on an ideal channel So maximum baud rate is 2B Channel Capacity—Shannon’s Formula Claude Shannon (1916 – 2001) ”Father of information theory” Highest possible bit rate in a channel with white noise B is channel bandwidth S/N is signal to noise ratio Example: A noisy channel, the SNR is 20dB and the bandwidth is 3.1kHz. Calculate the channel capacity. Solution: B = 3100 Hz 10log10(S/N) = 20 dB then, S/N = 100 C = 3100 log2(1 + 100) = 20.6 kb/s Telephone line B: 3100-3500 Hz SNR: 33-39 dB C ≈ 33-45 kb/s (What about ADSL and 56K modems?) Modem Standard V-series Modem Standards Quantization noise from PCM sampling ISPs have digital connection (no modem) V.90 and V.92 standards Asymmetric rate 56/33.6 Kb/s (V.90) 8000 samples per second 7 bits of data per sample 1 bit for control Theoretic bit rates for different modulation technology The ability of anti-jamming is better. The efficiency of modulation is high. For 64-QAM, that is 6 bit per baud. The bandwidth required is the same as the bandwidth of ASK / PSK. Example: Compute the baud rate for a 72000bps 64-QAM signal. Solution: Nbaud = 72000/(log264) = 72000/6 = 12000 baud Performance for QAM —— Checking and judging the controlled parameter of carrier signals. Demodulation Methods : ASK —— envelope detection (包络检测), coherent demodulation (相干解调) FSK —— noncoherent demodulation (非相干解调) (optimum noncoherent demodulation, shunt filter 分路滤波 discriminate frequency 鉴频法, over zero detection 过零检测) PSK —— coherent demodulation, usually extracting the coherent carrier using double frequency-partition frequency (倍频—分频法) DPSK —— polarity comparison(极性比较), phase comparison (相位比较) 4.4 Digital Demodulation ——