国际贸易实【外汇】.pptVIP

Chapter 5 Foreign exchange rate and contract formation Foreign Exchange Rate Foreign exchange Foreign exchange rate Quotation Foreign exchange Definition : Foreign exchange is the currency of any foreign which is the authorized instrument of settlement and basis for record keeping in that country. 根据我国国务院于1996年2月公布的《中华人民共和国外汇管理条例》的规定，属于外汇的有： 外国货币 外币支付凭证 外币有价证券 Foreign exchange rate Like any other commodities ,a foreign exchange has a price ,which is expressed in another currency . foreign exchange rate is the price relationship between the currencies of two countries or the price of one currency in terms of the other . 外汇同一般商品一样可以买卖。外汇的买卖价格就是货币的价格，称为汇价，又称汇率。汇率是外汇市场上各种货币间的兑换比率，它用一个国家的货币来表示另一个国家货币的价格。 国际标准货币代码表 Foreign exchange rate Quotation Quotation means a statement of willingness to buy or sell at announced price. Depending on whether home currency is used to express the price of foreign currencies or foreign currencies are used to express the price of home currency ,we have direct quotation and indirect quotation. Direct quotation 直接标价法 Direct quotation is the home currency price of one unit of foreign currency. 直接标价法又叫应付标价法，是以一定单位（1,100,1000,10000）的外国货币为标准来计算应付多少单位本国货币。就相当于计算购买一定单位外币所应付多少本币。 目前，包括中国在内的世界上绝大多数国家都采用直接标价法。如，日元，瑞士法郎，加元等均为直接标价法。 按照直接标价法，汇率的数值越大，表示外国货币的币值上升，本国货币的币值下降。这就意味着要用比以前更多的本国货币才能兑换到相同数量的外国货币。反之，汇率的数值越小，表示外国货币的币值下降，本国货币的币值上升。这时，只须用笔原先较少的本国货币就可兑换到相同数量的外国货币。 Indirect quotation 间接标价法 Indirect quotation is the foreign currency price of one unit of home currency . 间接标价法又称应收标价法。它是以一定单位（如一个单位）的本国货币为标准，来计算应收若干单位的外国货币。 在国际市场上，欧元，英镑，澳元等均为间接标价法。 间接标价法正好同直接标价法相反。如果用一定数量的本国货币能兑换到的外国货币比原来少，表明外国货币的币值相对本国货币来说是上升了，本国货币的价格相对下降了。反之，用一定数量的本国货币能兑换到更多的外国货币，则表明外国货币的币值相对于本国货币来说是下降了，本国货币的价格相对提高了。 2.Protection against adverse movement of exchange rate 1.Floating exchange rate and choice of contract currency. 2.Choice of currency for price adjustment 3.Impact of movement of related currencies. 浮动汇率 Unlike the fixed rate ,which is set and maintained by the g